Welcome to EV powertrain components here you will know everything about what a powertrain is. The powertrain is a device that is a combination of several other parts that is used to convert the energy into a running force. We will also look about the drivetrain and here you will know about all the important parts that constitute a powertrain and drivetrain.
And the best part will be about the manufacturers who are producing this powertrain for the people. You may think why knowing about powertrains is important, the main thing is if you know how this thing works then you will get a better idea about how an electric car works and our fuel car works before buying an EV.
Table of Contents
What is a powertrain ?
The powertrain system is a
Combination of different parts that ate used in an electric vehicle or fuel vehicle to deliver energy from a source of power and send it to the tire, this process helps the vehicle run more efficiently without wasting any energy or power produced from the motor.
How does a powertrain work?
The powertrain system is the engine that drives the mobility that automobiles have offered, which we use in all of our business activities across the world. The key parts that create power and distribute it to the road surface via the tyres are referred to as the powertrain or electricity generation of a vehicle. The motor, gearbox, driveshafts, differentials, and final drive are all included. The term “powertrain” is often used to refer to merely the engine and gearbox, with the other components only being included if they are vital to the gearbox. The power generated within the cylinders is used to turn the wheels, allowing the vehicle to travel down the road.
The piston’s reciprocating action spins the rotor, which rotates the wheel through the connecting rod. The crankshaft’s round motion is now delivered to the rear wheels. It travels to the wheels via the shift, gear, universal joints, blade shafts or driveshafts, differential, and axles. Power transmission is the process of transferring engine thrust to the tyre axle via all of these components
How does an EV powertrain work?
The first need for operating a vehicle is a power source, which in the case of electric cars might be a fuel cell or a batteries. Internal combustion engines, external combustion engines, motors, and wheels are examples of power devices. The main goal of the powertrain system is to create energy from a power source via a conversion device and transmit it to the wheel, allowing a vehicle to move.
How does an ICE powertrain work?
Internal combustion engines convert the energy produced from the heat of the engine, engines which produce power through the process of combustion right by working inside the engine. This is a very common form of a heat engine that is typically used in vehicles.
In a traditional internal combustion engine, the powertrain turns the conserved petrol or diesel energy into kinetic energy in the engine and delivers it as torque to the car’s wheels through the gearbox, driveshaft, and differential, propelling this forward.
Powertrain and Drivetrain: What is the Difference?
| Sl.No | Powertrain | Drivetrain |
| 1 | The drivetrain is a part of the powertrain, it helps is transporting the energy to the wheels and help the car run. | The engine will provide enough energy to drive a flywheel. |
| 2 | The powertrain is not a single component, it is a combination of multiple parts. | The transmission and the flywheel work together to control the amount of power sent to various areas of the drivetrain. |
| 3 | The arrangement system is the powertrain. | To provide power to a differential, the driveshaft spins. |
| 4 | Every component that transfers the engine’s power into movement is referred to as the powertrain. | The differential then distributes power from all of the driveshaft components and makes your car move |
| 5 | Everything from the engine to the moving wheels is covered. | Drivetrain, unlike powertrain, usually refers to everything that happens after the engine. |
Difference Between Powertrain of EV and ICE Vehicle
The primary difference between electric vehicles, which are often known as EVs and fuel vehicles, which are classified as Standard Internal Combustion Engine vehicles or ICE vehicles, is that fuel vehicles need petrol Or diesel to run. Whereas electric vehicles require electricity. The notion of range per litre, or RPL, is used to quantify the fuel economy of ICE automobiles. The price of petrol and diesel, on the other hand, is changing from time to time. Additionally, they give us an extra 300 miles on the road, whereas gasoline vehicles must be refuelled. Electric cars may be powered by a number of different sources.
Main Components of EV Powertrain
DC-AC Converter: It is a power converting electrical device that transforms direct current into alternating current. The battery’s discharge is DC, and in an electric vehicle, the DC is supplied by a battery pack and is transformed to AC to charge the electric engine.
Electronic control unit: It is also known as an ECU, and it is utilised to manage the supply flow and quantity in order to enhance or reduce the vehicle’s speed.
Electric Motor and Regenerative braking: Electric motors are used to convert gasoline automobiles to electric ones. The electric motor is powered by the interplay of the magnetic field of the motor and the electric current in the winding.
When you give a motor an electrical input, it works as a motor, but when you give it a conventional input, it turns into a generator that can charge up the power pack while the vehicle is in motion. This process is known as regenerative braking.
Direct current to DC Converter: DC to DC conversion is a high energy conversion system that flatten down electrical noise into controlled DC voltages using high-frequency flipping, inductors, capacitors, and inverters. The power is fixed by the battery pack, but the demand will fluctuate depending on the situation.
Rectifier: It may be used to convert alternate current and can be used in a variety of electronic devices and vehicles. They flip the direction of power flow to direct current and it will flow only in one direction, and the inverter performs the reverse function.
Battery Management System: BMS is used to monitor the state of the battery and is responsible for taking necessary measures in case battery malfunctions. BMS performs cell balancing to deliver maximum efficiency from the battery pack.
It is responsible for communication with other Electric control units and sensors, to control the charging input, check the current state of charge and share data about battery specifications.
Thermal Management System: It is primarily in charge of keeping engine components within the proper temperature range..
Body Control Module (BCM): The BCM is in charge of overseeing and directing electronic accessory services such as electric windows, lighting, accessibility, and automobile access control.
EV powertrain manufacturers in India
- Electrodrive EV power solutions.
- Tata Auto comp
- Sona comstar
- Vidya mobility 5.0
- EMF innovations
- Rotomotive power drives
- Bhorzvan motors
- Compage automation
- Entuple E mobility
- SEG automotive
EV powertrain manufacturers in usa
- AVL
- ZeroAvia
- Universal Hydrogen
- Motiv Power Systems
- Ricardo
- IRP Systems
- Avid
- Westfield Sportscars
Main components of ICE powertrain
Engine: The engine is the heartbeat of your vehicle; it creates the necessary power to move the automobiles. A piston moves up and down inside cylinders, and a crankshaft converts the translational action into a spinning motion.
Transmission: A gearbox is a core element in your automobile that ensures the correct amount of energy is delivered to the wheels. The gearbox takes the engine’s power and modifies it for different driving situations and operating modes.
Driveshaft:The power from the gearbox is transferred to the wheels through the shaft. It must operate through various angles and modify its length to respond to movement in the suspension in order to do its operation.
Axles: Axles are a crucial component of any drivetrain. It is located between the wheels and it supports the vehicle’s weight; it spins and sends the engine’s power to the wheels.
Differential: The rear axle has a differential. It permits every back wheel to rotate at a separate rate. When rounding a corner, the differential is critical because the outer wheel must revolve quicker than the middle of the distribution.
The powertrain is critical because without it, your car will not be able to move ahead. To summarise, it’s a collection of components that create, convert, and use energy to propel your car forward.
Faq
Yes, they do have a drivetrain but most of the electric vehicles come with a single transmission.
Yes, electric cars have reverse gear because without reverse gear you won’t be able to back your car in case you missed a turn.
No, electric cars do not need a clutch as they are run by electricity. They are kind of automatic vehicles
The three main components of the EV powertrain is motor, battery and a DC to AC converter
The major components used in creating an electric metre battery are carbon or graphite, metal oxide and a lithium salt.
Compared to gas-powered cars which have 20,000 parts electric cars only have only 20 parts.
There are two types of motors that are used in electric cars one is AC motor and another one is DC motor.
Conclusion
For the success of electric vehicles to be practical, they must enhance their powertrains. Today, the superior engine is likely the only one that could be paired with a traditional powertrain and other vehicles.
Hybrid arrangements boost the chance of attaining powertrain efficiency requirements while also increasing the size, weight, and cost problems. The cars use gas turbine and Stirling engines exclusively as part of a hybrid powertrain, not as standalone prime movers. Furthermore, each motor has its own set of technological hurdles that must be overcome in